What Thoreau Still Asks of Us

Published: October 3, 2025

By Jim Lichtman
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“The only obligation which I have a right to assume is to do at any time what I think right.” – Henry David Thoreau

I first read Walden back in high school. At the start, the pace felt slow, but once I settled into the rhythm, I was pulled in. Henry David Thoreau wasn’t simply a nature lover; he was a product of a young and restless America, asking questions about the kind of life we lead and the kind of society we shape. His time at Walden Pond wasn’t a retreat—it was an opportunity to step outside the noise and see what remains when everything else is stripped away.

Thoreau’s questions are still our questions today. What do we really need? What are we willing to stand for? And perhaps most important, when is it right to go along, and when is it necessary to say “no”?

In Civil Disobedience, written after he spent a night in jail for refusing to pay a tax that supported slavery and war, Thoreau argued that there are times when conscience has to come before compliance. He wasn’t urging chaos. He was saying that blind obedience to authority isn’t virtue—it’s complicity. “The only obligation which I have a right to assume,” he wrote, “is to do at any time what I think right.”

There’s freedom in those words: the understanding that ethics begins with the individual, that each of us bears the weight of doing what’s right. But there’s also unease, because too often today “doing what’s right” gets reduced to whatever benefits one side over the other.

Thoreau was pointing to something larger: the need to measure our choices against justice, fairness, and our shared humanity. We live in a culture where politics prizes winning at any cost. Our culture pushes us to consume more, move faster, and think less about consequences. Thoreau’s voice cuts through all that. He’s still saying: slow down, think for yourself, and remember that integrity matters more than convenience.

For me, the message couldn’t be clearer. Thoreau is asking each of us the same question he asked his neighbors more than 150 years ago: are you willing to live by conscience, even when it costs you? That’s how we rebuild trust. That’s how we move forward—not by more noise, but by more honesty.

If we’re ever going to move past the bitterness—the division of our time, it won’t happen through slogans or blame. It will depend on whether we choose to listen, respect the truth, and see the humanity in one another.

The democracy rests not only on our votes but on our daily choices—what we tolerate, how we treat people, and what we refuse to excuse.

The lesson is as vital now as it was then: the measure of a life isn’t what it accumulates… but what it contributes.

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